Apparatus and methods for central control of mesh networks

ABSTRACT

A method and a wireless communication device that implements a control node for a mesh network. Preferably, the device and method are used in an 802.11 LAN.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/975,647, filed Oct. 28, 2004, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/518,214, filed Nov. 7, 2003, whichis incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This application relates to wireless communications, and in particularthe central control of mesh networks such as Wireless Local AreaNetworks (WLANs) that implement mesh networking, particularly thosecompliant with the standard known as 802.11.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are well known in the art. Generally,such systems comprise communication stations, which transmit and receivewireless communication signals between each other. Depending upon thetype of system, communication stations typically are one of two types:base stations or wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), which includemobile units.

The term base station as used herein includes, but is not limited to, abase station, Node B, site controller, access point or other interfacingdevice in a wireless environment that provides WTRUs with wirelessaccess to a network with which the base station is associated.

The term WTRU as used herein includes, but is not limited to, a userequipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, orany other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment.WTRUs include personal communication devices, such as phones, videophones, and Internet ready phones that have network connections. Inaddition, WTRUs include portable personal computing devices, such asPDAs and notebook computers with wireless modems that have similarnetwork capabilities. WTRUs that are portable or can otherwise changelocation are referred to as mobile units.

Typically, a network of base stations is provided where each basestation is capable of conducting concurrent wireless communications withappropriately configured WTRUs. Some WTRUs are configured to conductwireless communications directly between each other, i.e., without beingrelayed through a network via a base station. This is commonly calledpeer-to-peer wireless communications. WTRUs can be configured for use inmultiple networks with both network and peer-to-peer communicationscapabilities.

One type of wireless system, called a wireless local area network(WLAN), can be configured to conduct wireless communications with WTRUsequipped with WLAN modems that are also able to conduct peer-to-peercommunications with similarly equipped WTRUs. Currently, WLAN modems arebeing integrated into many traditional communicating and computingdevices by manufacturers. For example, cellular phones, personal digitalassistants (PDAs), consumer electronics (CEs), and laptop computers arebeing built with one or more WLAN modems.

An example of a wireless local area network environment with one or moreWLAN access points (APs) is a WLAN built according to the IEEE 802.11standard. Access to these networks usually requires user authenticationprocedures. Protocols for such systems continue to be standardized inthe WLAN technology area. One such framework of protocols is the IEEE802 family of standards. In addition to the WLAN 802.11 standard, theseinclude, but are not limited to, the 802.15 WPAN (Wireless Personal AreaNetworks) implemented with, for example, Bluetooth devices, and 802.16WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks).

The basic service set (BSS) is the basic building block of an IEEE802.11 LAN and is comprised of WTRUs referred to as stations (STAs).Basically, a set of STAs which can communicate with each other can forma BSS. Multiple BSSs are interconnected through an architecturalcomponent, called a distribution system (DS), to form an extendedservice set (ESS). An access point (AP) is a STA that provides access tothe DS by providing DS services and generally allows concurrent accessto the DS by multiple STAs.

There are two prevalent ways to implement wireless communications inWLAN and other networks: 1) an infrastructure mode; and 2) an ad hocmode. FIG. 1A illustrates an infrastructure mode, where WTRUs conductwireless communications via a base station 54 that serves as an accesspoint to network infrastructure 16. The base station 54 is shown asconducting communications with WTRU 18, WTRU 20, WTRU 22, WTRU 24, andWTRU 26. There are no direct intercommunications between the WTRUsillustrated in FIG. 1A. The communications are coordinated andsynchronized through the base station 54. Such a configuration is alsocalled a basic service set (BSS) within WLAN contexts.

In contrast to the infrastructure mode, the ad hoc mode does not usenetwork infrastructure. The ad hoc mode operates with peer-to-peercommunications and is also called “independent BSS”. In ad hoc mode, twoor more WTRUs establish a communication among themselves without theneed of a coordinating network element, i.e., base station. Ad hoc modeoperation is illustrated in FIG. 1B. No access points to the networkinfrastructure are required. However, a base station can be configuredwith the ad hoc protocols to act as the other WTRUs in peer-to-peercommunications. In such case, a base station may act as a bridge or arouter to another network or to the Internet.

Where a base station does join an ad hoc network, it is treated asanother WTRU and does not normally control the flow of communication.For example, FIG. 1B illustrates base station 54 in communication withWTRU 18 and WTRU 18 in communication with WTRU 20 in an ad hoc network.In this scenario, the base station 54 does not control the flow of data.

Communications are normally limited to the other stations in an ad hocnetwork, but one WTRU may communicate indirectly with another WTRU via athird WTRU serving as a relaying node. For example, as shown in FIG. 1B,where both WTRU 22 and WTRU 24 are communicating in ad hoc mode withWTRU 26, communications may occur between WTRU 22 and WTRU 24.Additionally, when a WTRU is in ad hoc mode, it typically ignoresinfrastructure mode base station transmissions. It is also necessary forone WTRU to initiate ad hoc mode and other WTRUs to join in. The otherstations will assimilate the operating parameter information as theyjoin the ad hoc network.

The station that starts an ad hoc network selects the ad hoc network'soperating parameters, such as the service set identifier (SSID), channeland beacon timing, and then transmits this information in, for example,beacon frames. As stations join the ad hoc network, they assimilate theoperating parameters. In infrastructure mode, parameters such as theSSID are normally specified by a network controller connected to networkbase stations.

The SSID in an IEEE 802 based system can be a 32-character uniqueidentifier attached to a header of packets sent over a WLAN. The SSIDdifferentiates logically one WLAN from another, so all base stations andall devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN normally use thesame SSID.”

In an IEEE 802 based system, once more than one station is part of an adhoc network, all of the stations share the burden of sending beaconframes by a random distribution of that task to each station. Algorithmssuch as the spokesman election algorithm have been designed to “elect”one device as a master station (i.e., pseudo base station) of the ad hocnetwork with all others being slaves.

When a plurality of ad hoc networking WTRUs communicate with each othera mesh network is created. Accordingly, mesh networks are a type ofad-hoc network where more than one WTRU communicates directly orindirectly with at least two other WTRUs in the mesh. From a strict IEEE802.11 group point of view as Ad-hoc network allows WTRUs to communicateto whichever WTRU they want “directly” over the same shared medium,whereas the Mesh network allows WTRUs to communicate “directly orindirectly” over one or more media. That is, ad-hoc WTRUs can only talkto WTRUs within their radio reach, and mesh WTRUs can forward or relayinformation from two other different WTRUs allowing these other WTRUs tocommunicate with each other, even if they are not within each otherstransmission range, if they are not in the same band, or if they do notuse the same physical layer (e.g. 802.11a and 802.11b). This distinctionis not limiting in the context of the disclosed embodiments.

The inventors have recognized that in communication systems, there aredifferent ways to optimize operation performance through systemreconfigurations. These reconfigurations are the outcome of decisionsthat are usually based on system status, predictions, etc. and followthe rules of certain procedures or algorithms. When information aboutthe system cannot be centralized in a single point, distributeddecisions or algorithms are the only way to overcome the problem. Due tothe nature of mesh networks, distributed decisions are often used as asingle solution. Although the decision could be sub-optimal, no otheralternative can be taken.

SUMMARY

Communications using mesh network topologies, where nodes cancommunicate to each other without the need for a central point (e.g. awireless Base Station [BS] or an Access Point [AP]), to relay theinformation, are disclosed. Apparatus and methods are disclosed forimproving the performance of communication systems with mesh orsemi-mesh topologies where none or distributed decisions exist, byrelaying system information and taking reconfiguration decisions in acentral point.

In one embodiment, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configuredto conduct wireless communications with a plurality of WTRUs as nodes ina mesh type of network. The WTRU has a receiver component, a processorcomponent and a transmitter component. The transmitter and receivercomponents may be configured as a single type of transceiver or as acombination of different types of transmitters and receivers configuredfor communication in multiple networks of different types.

The receiver component is preferably configured to receive meshmessages, including an Initiation message that has data reflecting theidentity, if any, of a current control node. The processor component ispreferably configured to generate mesh messages, including Initiationmessages that include data reflecting the identity, if any, of a currentmesh control node. The transmitter component is preferably configured totransmit generated messages including a generated Initiation message toWTRUs seeking to join the WTRU in mesh communications.

The processor component may be configured to include a status value andan initial weight value in each generated mesh message and to modifyeach mesh message received for retransmission that has associated statusand weight values by averaging the WTRU's status value with the receivedmessage's status value based on the received message's weight value andincrementing the received message's weight value to produce revisedstatus and weight values. The transmitter component is then configuredto re-transmit mesh messages received from one WTRU to other WTRUs withwhich the WTRU is in mesh communication with the revised status andweight values.

Preferably, the processor component includes a processor configured toinclude a message identifier in each generated mesh message and anassociated memory configured to track message identifiers included inreceived mesh messages. The transmitter component is then configured tore-transmit mesh messages received from one WTRU to other WTRUs withwhich the WTRU is in mesh communication when tracking reflects that thereceived message was not previously received.

Where the WTRU does not have mesh network control capabilities, theprocessor component is preferably configured to generate Initiationmessages that reflect no current control node upon initiation of a meshnetwork with another WTRU or in response to receipt of an Initiationmessage that reflects no current control node until receipt of a messageidentifying a current control node. Where the WTRU has mesh networkcontrol capabilities, the processor component is preferably configuredto generate a message establishing the WTRU itself as the currentcontrol node that includes data reflecting its own identity as thecurrent mesh control node upon initiation of a mesh network with anotherWTRU or in response to receipt of an Initiation message that reflects nocurrent control node.

Where the WTRU has mesh network control capabilities, the processorcomponent is preferably further configured to generate a messagedirected to the current control node that includes data reflecting itsown identity as a potential mesh control node in response to receipt ofan Initiation message that reflects a current control node. Theprocessor component is then preferably configured with a memory to trackmessages received identifying potential mesh control nodes when the WTRUis serving as the current control node and an associated processorconfigured to generate a message identifying a new control node fromamong the potential mesh control nodes identified in the trackedmessages when the WTRU relinquishes service as the current control node.

In another embodiment, the WTRU's receiver component is configured toreceive Initiation messages having data reflecting the identity, if any,of a current control node and a level of control capability of thecurrent control node. The processor component is then preferablyconfigured to generate Initiation messages that include data reflectingthe identity, if any, of a current mesh control node and a level ofcontrol capability of the current control node. Where the WTRU has meshnetwork control capabilities of one of a hierarchy of control capabilitylevels, the processor component is then configured to generate a messageestablishing the WTRU itself as the current control node that includesdata reflecting its own identity and control capability level uponinitiation of a mesh network with another WTRU or in response to receiptof an Initiation message that reflects no current control node.

Also, the processor component is then preferably configured to generatea message directed to the current control node that includes datareflecting its own identity and control capability level as a potentialmesh control node in response to receipt of an Initiation message thatreflects a current control node. In such case, the processor componentis preferably configured to track messages received identifyingpotential mesh control nodes when the WTRU is serving as the currentcontrol node and to generate a message identifying the identity andcontrol capability level of a new control node from among the potentialmesh control nodes identified in the tracked messages when the WTRUrelinquishes service as the current control node. The processorcomponent may also be configured to generate a message identifying theidentity and control capability level of a new control node from amongthe potential mesh control nodes identified in the tracked messages whenthe WTRU relinquishes service as the current control node by selectingas the new control node the potential mesh control node having a highestcontrol capability level among the potential mesh control nodesidentified in the tracked messages.

The WTRU's processor component is also preferably configured to trackmessages received identifying potential mesh control nodes when the WTRUis serving as the current control node in order of joining meshcommunication by the potential mesh control nodes and is configured togenerate a message identifying the identity and control capability levelof a new control node from among the potential mesh control nodesidentified in the tracked messages when the WTRU relinquishes service asthe current control node by selecting the new control node based atleast in part on the order of joining mesh communications by thepotential mesh control nodes. The processor component may be furtherconfigured to generate, when the WTRU relinquishes service to a newcontrol node, a message directed to the new control node identifyingpotential mesh control nodes previously tracked. Such a message ifpreferably generated in conjunction with generating a messageidentifying the identity and control capability level of the new controlnode from among the potential mesh control nodes identified in thetracked messages.

Where the WTRU has mesh network control capabilities of one of ahierarchy of control capability levels, the processor component may alsobe configured to generate a message to establish the WTRU itself as thecurrent control node that includes data reflecting its own identity andcontrol capability level in response to receipt of an Initiation messagethat reflects a current control node that has a control capability levellower than the control capability level of the WTRU. In such case, theprocessor component is preferably configured to generate a message, whenserving as the control node, identifying the identity and controlcapability level of a new control node when the WTRU relinquishesservice as the current control node in response to a received message toestablish the new WTRU as the current control node that includes datareflecting that the new WTRU's identity and control capability levelthat is of a level higher the control capability level of the WTRU.

In another embodiment, the WTRU's receiver component can also beconfigured to receive Initiation messages having data reflecting theidentity, if any, of a current control node and a level of controlcapability of the current control node in connection with a meshidentity. The processor component is then preferably configured togenerate Initiation messages that include data reflecting the identity,if any, of a current mesh control node and a level of control capabilityof the current control node in connection with a mesh identity.

The processor component is preferably further configured to generate amessage establishing a control node when the WTRU is communicating in afirst mesh that has a first control node that has a first controlcapability level in response to receipt of an Initiation message thatreflects a second different mesh identity that has a second control nodewith a second control capability level. When the second mesh controlnode has a control capability level lower than the control capabilitylevel of the first mesh current control node, the message establishing acontrol node is directed to the second mesh control node and includesdata reflecting the identity and control capability level of the firstmesh control node and the first mesh identity. When the second meshcontrol node does not have a control capability level lower than thecontrol capability level of the first mesh current control node, themessage establishing a control node is directed to the first meshcontrol node and includes data reflecting the identity and controlcapability level of the second mesh control node and second meshidentity.

In such case, where the WTRU has mesh network control capabilities ofone of a hierarchy of control capability levels, the processor componentis configured to generate a message identifying the identity and controlcapability level of a new control node and a new mesh identity when theWTRU relinquishes service as the current control node in response toreceiving a message establishing a control node reflecting the identityand higher control capability level of a control node of a differentmesh. Such WTRU's may be also configured as an Access Point (AP) for a802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN).

Other objects and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will beapparent to persons skilled in the art from the following descriptionand accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a diagram of a communications system operating in aninfrastructure network mode of operation.

FIG. 1B is a diagram of a communications system operating in an ad hocnetwork mode of operation.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a communications system operating in a controlledmesh network mode of operation in accordance with the teachings herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

When referred to hereafter, the terminology “wireless transmit/receiveunit (WTRU)” includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), amobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellulartelephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any othertype of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. Whenreferred to hereafter, the terminology “base station” includes but isnot limited to a Node-B, a site controller, an access point (AP), or anyother type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wirelessenvironment.

In accordance with one embodiment, WTRUs are configured with apeer-to-peer mode of operation, preferably, by being equipped withwireless local area network (WLAN) or wireless personal area network(WPAN) modems to exchange information directly between similarlyequipped WTRUs. The WTRUs can have an integrated or installed WLAN orWPAN device, such as a 802.11 (WiFi) or Bluetooth compliant device, inorder to communicate with each other. However, the proposed embodimentsare applicable in any wireless system that implements a peer-to-peermode of operation.

Referring to FIG. 2, a mesh network with Central Control is illustrated.As in WLAN, WPAN, WMAN, and other networks, an ad-hoc topology includessome nodes that can communicate one to each other directly (i.e.multipoint-to-multipoint).

Central Control of a mesh network is achieved when one node, forinstance a network-initiating node, becomes the controlling entity (e.g.control node) in the network, provided that the initiating node hascontrolling capabilities. Thereafter each new joining node is informedof the identity of the control node. Alternatively, such as when theinitiating node does not have controlling capabilities, the firstjoining node with controlling capabilities can become the control node,at least initially. Preferably, an initial mesh communication to anyjoining node includes either the identity of the control node or anindication of the absence of a control node. In the latter case, if thejoining node has control node capabilities, it preferably becomes thecontrol node and propagates a message to the other nodes identifying itsstatus as the control node. Thereafter, new nodes joining the mesh areadvised of this fact in initial communications.

In FIG. 2, the mesh network has nodes that are identified with a numberaccording to the order in which they joined the network. As soon asthere is one or more nodes in the network, the network-initiating node1, serving as a control node for the network, can make a decision toperform a reconfiguration on the system parameters (e.g. power change,frequency channel change, etc.) according to predetermined or dynamicdecision criteria. The reconfiguration information is then propagated tothe other nodes 2, 5, 7, 10 directly in contact with the control node 1,which will relay the message to further nodes 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 in order tomake the entire network aware of the decision.

In a similar manner to the propagation of information from the controlnode 1 forward, information can flow backwards to the control node. Thisallows for all nodes to communicate back to the control node informationon system status, measurements, etc. as seen by each node.

Information transfer to and from the control node 1 can be done inseveral ways. One way is to include every single node's information inevery message. This is highly inefficient. By using a system statusvariable in messaging, the system status variable can be updated everytime a user adds its own system status to a message. A cost or healthstatus variable can be used by the first node that has a value and aweight. As soon as the second node receives this message, it preferablyaverages its own status variable value with the existing one, updatesthe status value, updates the weight with the number of values averagedand then transmits the information again. As soon as a third nodereceives the message, it evaluates both the average value and the numberof values averaged. Then it re-calculates the average by including itsown data, updates both values again, and re-sends it and so on.

A sequence number or transaction ID can be included in an originalmessage and kept over its lifespan in order to avoid looping, repeatingor reprocessing the same message through the same node more than once.

Central Control can advantageously be provided for a Set ofPoint-to-Multipoint Networks acting as a Semi-mesh Network. Accordingly,the disclosed embodiments are applicable not only to a Mesh Network, butalso to a series of BSs or APs that can listen to each other forming aset of point-to-multipoint networks. In this case the mobile WTRUs donot participate in cell-to-cell communications, but rather the APsand/or BSs exchange information between themselves. One AP is thecontrolling node and the other APs relay and exchange communication withit.

Central Control can also advantageously be provided in a Semi-meshNetwork with Node Relay. A variation of the basic concept is to useWTRUs to relay information from one AP to another. Upon reception of a“please relay” message from an AP, a WTRU is preferably configured torepeat the transmission in order for the message to be received furtheraway by other APs.

Central Control can also advantageously be provided with a Semi-meshNetwork with an Infrastructure Backbone. This is a variation that relieson an Infrastructure Network, or any other way of communication than theone used for the APs to communicate to each other.

Mesh networks usually rely on independent and distributed algorithms tomake decisions and perform actions that often give sub-optimal results.The disclosed embodiments allows for a central node to make optimaldecisions and communicate them to other nodes in the network.

Preferably in implementing Central Control in Mesh and Semi-meshNetworks, an initial control node is designated, according to thecapabilities of the nodes that join the mesh network. Preferably, thefirst node to join that has sufficient capabilities becomes the controlnode. This will be the initiating node where the initiating node hassufficient capabilities.

Central Control via a control node designation can be naturally appliedto wireless networks such as WPAN (e.g. Bluetooth, 802.15), WLAN (e.g.802.11), WMAN (e.g. 802.16), TDD (e.g. TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA), et al.,particularly for Radio Resource Management (RRM). One variation is tohave a range of criteria standards so that an initiating node with aminimum set of capabilities is initially designated as the control node,but that node “gives up” control of the network to the first nodejoining with a higher set of capabilities within the hierarchy ofestablished criteria standards. Accordingly, data identifying thecontrol node that is sent to a joining node preferably includes anindication of the current control node's capabilities.

A WTRU that has control node capabilities preferably includes a receiverconfigured to receive an Initiation message upon joining a mesh networkand an associated processor to evaluate the message to determine whetherthe WTRU possesses a higher order of control node capabilities than anidentified control node. Where there is no current control nodeindicated in the received Initiation message or where the WTRU doespossess a higher order of control node capabilities, a determination ispreferably made by the WTRU to become the control node.

Implementation of the disclosed embodiments is readily accomplished byproviding WTRUs that each have a receiver configured to receive meshmessages, a transmitter configured to send mesh messages and anassociated processor configured to evaluate received messages andgenerate and transmit appropriate responsive messages. Each WTRU ispreferably configured to transmit an appropriate Initiation messageidentifying the presence or absence of a control node and, when presentthe control node identification and capabilities information. TheInitiation message may be generated as a response to a received ControlMesh Join Request message, may be used to initiate a new ad hoc networkand/or may be periodically broadcast as a type of beacon signal message.

Each WTRU having control node capabilities preferably has a transmitterconfigured to send an appropriate Control Node Update message in replyto an Initiation message when the WTRU possesses a higher order ofcontrol node capabilities than is indicated in the Initiation message.In the absence of an existing control node being indicated in thereceived Initiation message, the WTRU has the higher order of controlnode capabilities by default. The WTRU's processor is then preferablyconfigured to generate the Control Node Update message and include dataidentifying itself as the new control node and indicating its level ofcontrol node capabilities. Where the WTRU replaces a prior node as thecontrol node, the WTRU preferably directs the Control Node Updatemessage to the existing control node for propagation throughout the meshnetwork, either directly where the initiating message was receiveddirectly from the existing control node or indirectly where theinitiating message was received from another node.

In order to avoid conflicts in Control Node Update messages generated bydifferent joining WTRUs, a requirement for validation of a Control NodeUpdate message by the existing control node can be imposed so thatcontrol is relinquished to the new node identified in the first receivedControl Node Update message by the existing control node. An alternativeto validation is the generation of a Relinquish Control message thatidentifies the new control node being propagated by the existing controlnode. After validating a Control Node Update message or generating aRelinquish Control message, the node relinquishes control and may simplyignore subsequently received Control Node Update messages.

If a WTRU that has sent a Control Node Update message thereafterreceives a validated Control Node Update (or Relinquish Control) messageidentifying a different WTRU as the new control node, the WTRU ispreferably configured to process that message as an Initiation messageto evaluate whether it has a higher set of capabilities than the newcontrol node. If so, it generates a new Control Node Update messagedirected to the new control node.

To implement propagation, each WTRU is preferably configured tore-transmit messages which it receives to other WTRUs with which it isin contact, except where the WTRU has already retransmitted the samemessage which it may have previously received. As noted above, a messageidentification number or transaction ID, that may be in the form of aserial number or an indication of origination time and date, ispreferably included in messages, such as Control Node Update messages tofacilitate the WTRU's ability to avoid re-transmissions of the samemessage. Accordingly, the WTRU's processor is preferably configured toinsert such information into messages which it generates and comparesuch information in received messages when making re-transmissiondecisions. Also the WTRU is preferably configured to modify theInitiation messages which it will transmit to a joining WTRU to includethe most current control node information.

Additionally, nodes joining the mesh with acceptable controlcapabilities can be tracked based on level of capabilities, with entryinto the mesh being a secondary tracking criteria. A WTRU with controlnode capabilities, is then preferably configured to transmit a TransferControl message, when the WTRU has been acting as the control node andis preparing to disconnect from the mesh network, to a control nodecandidate WTRU selected based first on capability level and then onorder of joining the mesh from among the tracked nodes. Preferably, theWTRU is configured such that when a control node candidate WTRU receivesa Transfer Control message, it responds with a Control Node Updatemessage identifying itself as the new control node. The WTRU can beconfigured such that when a Control Node Update message is not receivedin response to a Transfer Control message within a given time period, anew Transfer Control message to another WTRU is sent and the priorcandidate control node is removed from the tracking list.

The Transfer Control message can include the identification of othernodes that are connected to the mesh that are being tracked as potentialcontrol node candidates. Alternatively this information can be sent in adedicated message directed to the new control node by the noderelinquishing control irrespective of which node initiated the change ofcontrol. WTRUs with control node capabilities are also preferablyconfigured to send a message to the current control node whendisconnecting from the mesh so that they are removed from the trackinglist.

The WTRUs may be configured to send out Initiation messages in the eventthe control node is disconnected without a transfer of control toanother node. A mesh control identification can also be provided inInitiation messages to indicate the creation of a new controlled mesh.

Additionally, the WTRUs can be configured such that when a WTRUcommunicating in a mesh controlled by one control node initiatescommunication with a WTRU in a mesh controlled by a different controlnode, one of the two control nodes is selected for control of the entiremesh. One way to accomplish this is to rely on the current control nodeinformation which each of the two nodes preferably possesses inaccordance with the teachings herein.

The WTRUs are preferably configured such that a WTRU receiving aninitiation message from a WTRU in another mesh compares the capabilitiesof the control node of its existing mesh with the capabilities indicatedin the initiation message of the control node of the other mesh andgenerates an appropriate message reflecting the selection of either theexisting mesh's control node or the other mesh's control node to thecombined mesh. For example, where the existing control node capabilitiesexceed the capabilities of the other mesh's control node, the WTRU'sprocessor is preferably configured to generate a Control Node updatemessage in reply to the Initiation message which preferably includesdata identifying the existing control node as the new control node ofthe other mesh. Otherwise, the WTRU generates a Control Node updatemessage which it transmits via its existing mesh connections whichincludes data identifying the other mesh's control node as the newcontrol node of the existing mesh.

Combinations of the above described methods are readily implemented. Thedisclosed embodiments are applicable to both wired and wirelessnetworks. The foregoing description makes references to 802.11 typesystems as an example only and not as a limitation. Other variations andmodifications consistent with the disclosed embodiments will berecognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to conductwireless communications with other WTRUs as nodes in a mesh type ofnetwork comprising: a receiver component configured to receive meshmessages including an Initiation message having data reflecting theidentity of a current control node of a mesh network as an initialcommunication to join in mesh communications as a node of the meshnetwork; a processor component configured to generate mesh messages as anode of a mesh network that has a control node including Initiationmessages that include data reflecting the identity of a current meshcontrol node; and a transmitter component configured to transmitgenerated messages as a node of a mesh network that has a control nodeincluding Initiation messages generated by the processor component toenable other WTRUs to join in mesh communications as nodes of the meshnetwork.
 2. The WTRU of claim 1 wherein: said processor component isconfigured to include a message identifier in each generated meshmessage and to track message identifiers included in received meshmessages; and said transmitter component is configured to re-transmitmesh messages received from one WTRU to other WTRUs with which the WTRUis in mesh communication when tracking reflects that the receivedmessage was not previously received.
 3. The WTRU of claim 1 wherein:said processor component is configured to include a status value and aninitial weight value in each generated mesh message and to modify eachmesh message received for retransmission that has associated status andweight values by averaging the WTRU's status value with the receivedmessage's status value based on the received message's weight value andincrementing the received message's weight value to produce revisedstatus and weight values; and said transmitter component is configuredto re-transmit mesh messages received from one WTRU to other WTRUs withwhich the WTRU is in mesh communication with the revised status andweight values.
 4. The WTRU of claim 3 wherein: said processor componentincludes a processor configured to include a message identifier in eachgenerated mesh message and an associated memory configured to trackmessage identifiers included in received mesh messages; and saidtransmitter component is configured to re-transmit mesh messagesreceived from one WTRU to other WTRUs with which the WTRU is in meshcommunication when tracking reflects that the received message was notpreviously received.
 5. The WTRU of claim 1, where the WTRU does nothave mesh network control capabilities, wherein said processor componentis configured to generate Initiation messages that reflect no controlnode to initiate a mesh network with another WTRU or in response toreceipt of an Initiation message to initiate a mesh network thatreflects no control node, until receipt of a message identifying acontrol node.
 6. The WTRU of claim 1, where the WTRU has mesh networkcontrol capabilities, wherein said processor component is configured togenerate a message identifying the WTRU itself as the control node thatincludes data reflecting its own identity as the current mesh controlnode to initiate a mesh network with another WTRU or in response toreceipt of an Initiation message to initiate a mesh network thatreflects no current control node.
 7. The WTRU of claim 1, where the WTRUhas mesh network control capabilities, wherein: said processor componentis configured to generate a message directed to the current control nodethat includes data reflecting its own identity as a potential meshcontrol node in response to receipt of an Initiation message thatreflects a current control node; said processor component is configuredto track messages received identifying potential mesh control nodes whenthe WTRU is serving as the current control node; and said processorcomponent is configured to generate a message identifying a new controlnode from among the potential mesh control nodes identified in thetracked messages when the WTRU relinquishes service as the currentcontrol node.
 8. The WTRU of claim 7 configured as an Access Point (AP)for a 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN).
 9. The WTRU of claim 1wherein: said receiver component is configured to receive Initiationmessages having data reflecting the identity of a current control nodeand a level of control capability of the current control node; and saidprocessor component is configured to generate the Initiation messagesthat include data reflecting the identity of a current control node toalso include a level of control capability of the current control node.10. The WTRU of claim 9 where the WTRU has mesh network controlcapabilities of one of a hierarchy of control capability levels whereinsaid processor component is configured to generate a message identifyingthe WTRU itself as the control node that includes data reflecting itsown identity and control capability level to initiate a mesh networkwith another WTRU or in response to receipt of an Initiation message toinitiate a mesh network that reflects no control node.
 11. The WTRU ofclaim 9 where the WTRU has mesh network control capabilities of one of ahierarchy of control capability levels wherein: said processor componentis configured to generate a message directed to the current control nodethat includes data reflecting its own identity and control capabilitylevel as a potential mesh control node in response to receipt of anInitiation message that reflects a current control node; said processorcomponent is configured to track messages received identifying potentialmesh control nodes when the WTRU is serving as the current control node;and said processor component is configured to generate a messageidentifying the identity and control capability level of a new controlnode from among the potential mesh control nodes identified in thetracked messages when the WTRU relinquishes service as the currentcontrol node.
 12. The WTRU of claim 11 wherein said processor componentis configured to generate a message identifying the identity and controlcapability level of a new control node from among the potential meshcontrol nodes identified in the tracked messages when the WTRUrelinquishes service as the current control node by selecting as the newcontrol node the potential mesh control node having a highest controlcapability level among the potential mesh control nodes identified inthe tracked messages.
 13. The WTRU of claim 11 wherein said processorcomponent is configured to track messages received identifying potentialmesh control nodes when the WTRU is serving as the current control nodein order of joining mesh communication by the potential mesh controlnodes and is configured to generate a message identifying the identityand control capability level of a new control node from among thepotential mesh control nodes identified in the tracked messages when theWTRU relinquishes service as the current control node by selecting thenew control node based at least in part on the order of joining meshcommunications by the potential mesh control nodes.
 14. The WTRU ofclaim 11 wherein said processor component is configured to generate amessage directed to the new control node identifying potential meshcontrol nodes previously tracked in conjunction with generating amessage identifying the identity and control capability level of a newcontrol node from among the potential mesh control nodes identified inthe tracked messages when the WTRU relinquishes service.
 15. The WTRU ofclaim 9, where the WTRU has mesh network control capabilities of one ofa hierarchy of control capability levels, wherein said processorcomponent is configured to generate a message to establish the WTRUitself as the current control node that includes data reflecting its ownidentity and control capability level in response to receipt of anInitiation message that reflects a current control node that has acontrol capability level lower than the control capability level of theWTRU.
 16. The WTRU of claim 15 wherein said processor component isconfigured to generate a message, when serving as the control node,identifying the identity and control capability level of a new controlnode when the WTRU relinquishes service as the current control node inresponse to a received message to establish the new WTRU as the currentcontrol node that includes data reflecting that the new WTRU's identityand control capability level that is of a level higher than the controlcapability level of the WTRU.
 17. The WTRU of claim 9 wherein: saidreceiver component is configured to receive Initiation messages havingdata reflecting the identity of a current control node and a level ofcontrol capability of the current control node in connection with a meshidentity; and said processor component is configured to generate theInitiation messages that include data reflecting the identity of acurrent mesh control node to also include a level of control capabilityof the current control node in connection with a mesh identity.
 18. TheWTRU of claim 17 wherein said processor component is configured togenerate a message establishing a control node when the WTRU iscommunicating in a first mesh network that has a first control node thathas a first control capability level in response to receipt of anInitiation message that reflects a mesh identity of a second differentmesh network that has a second control node with a second controlcapability level such that: the message establishing a control node isdirected to the second mesh control node and includes data reflectingthe identity and control capability level of the first mesh control nodeand the mesh identity of the first mesh network when the second meshcontrol node has a control capability level lower than the controlcapability level of the first mesh current control node; and the messageestablishing a control node is directed to the first mesh control nodeand includes data reflecting the identity and control capability levelof the second mesh control node and second mesh identity when the secondmesh control node does not have a control capability level lower thanthe control capability level of the first mesh current control node. 19.The WTRU of claim 18 where the WTRU has mesh network controlcapabilities of one of a hierarchy of control capability levels whereinsaid processor component is configured to generate a message identifyingthe identity and control capability level of a new control node and anew mesh identity when the WTRU relinquishes service as the currentcontrol node in response to receiving a message establishing a controlnode reflecting the identity and higher control capability level of acontrol node of a different mesh network.
 20. The WTRU of claim 19configured as an Access Point (AP) for a 802.11 wireless local areanetwork (WLAN).
 21. A method for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)to conduct wireless communications with other WTRUs in a mesh type ofnetwork comprising: receiving mesh messages including an Initiationmessage having data reflecting the identity of a current control node ofa mesh network as an initial communication to join in meshcommunications as a node of the mesh network; storing received meshmessage information including current control node identity data; andgenerating and transmitting mesh messages as a node of the mesh networkincluding an Initiation message to enable other WTRUs to join in meshcommunications as nodes of the mesh network that includes datareflecting the identity of a current control node based on the storedcontrol node identity data.
 22. The method of claim 21 wherein: thegenerating mesh messages comprises including a message identifier ineach generated mesh message; the storing received mesh messageinformation includes tracking message identifiers included in receivedmesh messages; and the transmitting mesh messages includesre-transmitting mesh messages received from one WTRU to other WTRUs withwhich the WTRU is in mesh communication when tracking reflects that thereceived message was not previously received.
 23. The method of claim 21wherein: the generating mesh messages comprises: including a statusvalue and an initial weight value in each generated mesh message; andmodifying each mesh message received for retransmission that hasassociated status and weight values by averaging the WTRU's status valuewith the received message's status value based on the received message'sweight value and incrementing the received message's weight value toproduce revised status and weight values; and the transmitting meshmessages includes re-transmitting mesh messages received from one WTRUto other WTRUs with which the WTRU is in mesh communication with therevised status and weight values.
 24. The method of claim 23 wherein:the generating mesh messages comprises including a message identifier ineach generated mesh message; the storing received mesh messageinformation includes tracking message identifiers included in receivedmesh messages; and the transmitting mesh messages includesre-transmitting mesh messages received from one WTRU to other WTRUs withwhich the WTRU is in mesh communication when tracking reflects that thereceived message was not previously received.
 25. The method of claim 21for a WTRU that has mesh network control capabilities wherein: thegenerating mesh messages includes generating a message, in response toreceipt of an Initiation message that reflects a current control node,directed to the current control node that includes data reflecting itsown identity as a potential mesh control node; the storing received meshmessage information includes tracking messages received identifyingpotential mesh control nodes when the WTRU is serving as the currentcontrol node; and the generating mesh messages includes generating amessage identifying a new control node from among the potential meshcontrol nodes identified in the tracked messages when the WTRUrelinquishes service as the current control node.
 26. The method ofclaim 25 performed by the WTRU that also includes the WTRU functioningas an Access Point (AP) for a 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN).27. The method of claim 21 wherein: the receiving mesh messages includesreceiving Initiation messages having data reflecting the identity of acurrent control node and a level of control capability of the currentcontrol node; and the generating mesh messages includes generatingInitiation messages that include data reflecting the identity of thecurrent mesh control node and a level of control capability of thecurrent control node.
 28. The method of claim 27 for a WTRU that hasmesh network control capabilities of one of a hierarchy of controlcapability levels wherein: the generating mesh messages includesgenerating a message directed to the current control node that includesdata reflecting its own identity and control capability level as apotential mesh control node in response to receipt of an Initiationmessage that reflects a current control node; the storing received meshmessage information includes tracking messages received identifyingpotential mesh control nodes when the WTRU is serving as the currentcontrol node; and the generating mesh messages includes generating amessage identifying the identity and control capability level of a newcontrol node from among the potential mesh control nodes identified inthe tracked messages when the WTRU relinquishes service as the currentcontrol node.
 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the generating meshmessages includes generating a message identifying the identity andcontrol capability level of a new control node from among the potentialmesh control nodes identified in the tracked messages when the WTRUrelinquishes service as the current control node by selecting as the newcontrol node the potential mesh control node having a highest controlcapability level among the potential mesh control nodes identified inthe tracked messages.
 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the storingreceived mesh message information includes tracking messages receivedidentifying potential mesh control nodes when the WTRU is serving as thecurrent control node in order of joining mesh communication by thepotential mesh control nodes and the generating mesh messages includesgenerating a message identifying the identity and control capabilitylevel of a new control node from among the potential mesh control nodesidentified in the tracked messages when the WTRU relinquishes service asthe current control node by selecting the new control node based atleast in part on the order of joining mesh communications by thepotential mesh control nodes.
 31. The method of claim 28 wherein thegenerating mesh messages includes generating a message directed to thenew control node identifying potential mesh control nodes previouslytracked in conjunction with generating a message identifying theidentity and control capability level of a new control node from amongthe potential mesh control nodes identified in the tracked messages whenthe WTRU relinquishes service.
 32. The method of claim 27 for a WTRUthat has mesh network control capabilities of one of a hierarchy ofcontrol capability levels wherein the generating mesh messages includesgenerating a message to establish the WTRU itself as the current controlnode that includes data reflecting its own identity and controlcapability level in response to receipt of an Initiation message thatreflects a current control node that has a control capability levellower than the control capability level of the WTRU.
 33. The method ofclaim 32 the generating mesh messages includes generating a message,when serving as the control node, identifying the identity and controlcapability level of a new control node when the WTRU relinquishesservice as the current control node in response to a received message toestablish the new WTRU as the current control node that includes datareflecting that the new WTRU's identity and control capability levelthat is of a level higher than the control capability level of the WTRU.34. The method of claim 27 wherein: the receiving mesh messages includesreceiving Initiation messages having data reflecting the identity of thecurrent control node and a level of control capability of the currentcontrol node in connection with a mesh identity; and the generating meshmessages includes generating Initiation messages that include datareflecting the identity of the current mesh control node and a level ofcontrol capability of the current control node in connection with a meshidentity.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the generating meshmessages includes generating a message establishing a control node whenthe WTRU is communicating in a first mesh network that has a firstcontrol node that has a first control capability level in response toreceipt of an Initiation message that reflects a mesh identity of asecond different mesh network that has a second control node with asecond control capability level such that: the message establishing acontrol node is directed to the second mesh control node and includesdata reflecting the identity and control capability level of the firstmesh control node and the first mesh identity when the second meshcontrol node has a control capability level lower than the controlcapability level of the first mesh current control node; and the messageestablishing a control node is directed to the first mesh control nodeand includes data reflecting the identity and control capability levelof the second mesh control node and second mesh identity when the secondmesh control node does not have a control capability level lower thanthe control capability level of the first mesh current control node. 36.The method of claim 35 for a WTRU that has mesh network controlcapabilities of one of a hierarchy of control capability levels whereinthe generating mesh messages includes generating a message identifyingthe identity and control capability level of a new control node and anew mesh identity when the WTRU relinquishes service as the currentcontrol node in response to receiving a message establishing a controlnode reflecting the identity and higher control capability level of acontrol node of a different mesh.
 37. The method of claim 36 performedby the WTRU that also includes the WTRU functioning as an Access Point(AP) for a 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN).